timeline

⠀

• -13 800 000 000 Big Bang

⠀

• -10 000 000 000 Stars and Galaxies

⠀

• -4 600 000 000 Solar System is formed
• -4 570 000 000 Sun main-sequence star.
• -4 500 000 000 Formation of Jupiter.
• -4 450 000 000 Formation of Saturn.
• -4 400 000 000 Formation of Uranus.
• -4 350 000 000 Formation of Neptune.
• -4 540 000 000 Formation of Earth.
• -4 530 000 000 Formation of Venus.
• -4 510 000 000 Formation of Mars.
• -4 500 000 000 Formation of Mercury.
• -4 500 000 000 Formation of the Moon

⠀

• -4 000 000 000 life (single-cell organisms)
• -3 500 000 000 fossils of bacteria, algae
• -2 400 000 000 oxygenation of earth
• -1 800 000 000 eukaryotic cells (nucleus)
• -1 500 000 000 multicellular organisms
• -1 200 000 000 sexual reproduction, evolution

⠀

• -850 000 000 animals oceans (sponges, jelly)
• -500 000 000 First plants, fungi and animals in land (arthropods, vertebrates)
• -450 000 000 Ice Age, -60% of marine life
• -420 000 000 first forrests
• -400 000 000 insects+amphibians on land
• -360 000 000 extinction2
  • -70% marine, -30% terrestrial
• -300 000 000 Permian period, Amphibians
• -250 000 000 extinction3
  • 96% marine, -70% terrestrial
• -230 000 000 First dinosaurs on earth
• -200 000 000 Pangea splits. birds, flowers
• -150 000 000 Jurassic period, dinosaurs
• -100 000 000 cretaceous (t-rex), bees, ants and butterflies.

⠀

• -66 000 000 Asteroid (Mexico → 75% all species gone
• -65 000 000 mammals, whales and horses
• -50 000 000 mammals, bats, rats, elephants
• -25 000 000 Apes, human-like primates
• -15 000 000 Age of Hominis
• -10 000 000 Ice Age

⠀

• -3 000 000 Homo habilis (stone tools)
• -2 000 000 Homo erectus
  • fire, migration, bigger brain
• -500 000 Homo Neanderthal
• -300 000 Homo Sapiens
  • language, art, culture
• -200 000 Stone Age, Neanderthals+Sapiens
• -100 000 Sapiens age
  • cave paintings, sculptures, music instruments and jewelry
• -50 000 Anthropocene epoch

⠀

• -8000 End of Ice Age
  • humans in Australia, America and Oceania
• -3000 Bronze Age
  • metal tools, weapons. complex societies like Mesopotamia, Egypt, China and India
• -3500 wheel (mesopotamia)
• -3300 writing (Mesopotamia
• -3100 calendar (Egypt)
• -3000 plow (Mesopotamia
• -3000 silk (China)
• -2737 tea (China)
• -2000 Common Era, Anno Domini

⠀

• -1000 - -600 Iron Age
  • First advanced civilizations like Greece, Rome, Persia and China
• -1050 alphabet (Phoenicia)
• -900 - -600 Olmec civilization
• -800s - -700s Homer
• -776 1st Olympic Games (Greece)
• -624 - -546 Thales of Miletus
• -600 philosophy (Greece)
• -600 coinage (Lydia)
• -570 - -495 Pythagoras
• -550 postal system (Persia)
• -509 Founding of the Roman Republic
• -508 democracy (Greece)
• -500 road system (Rome)
• -500 decimal system (India)
• -449 law system (Rome)
• -427 - -347 Plato
• -384 - -322 Aristotle
• -312 aqueduct (Rome)
• -221 Unification of China (Qin Dynasty)
• -105 paper (China)
• -100 - -44 Julius Caesar
• -70 - -19 Virgil
• -69 - -30 Cleopatra
• -27 Founding of Rome
• -6 - 65 Horace

⠀

• 0

⠀

• 121 - 180 Marcus Aurelius
• 180 antonine plague, pandemic (5m people)

⠀

• 212 roman citizenship to all free men

⠀

• 313 religious tolerance to Christians in the Roman Empire
  • The Edict of Milan, issued by Constantine the Great and Licinius, grants
• 354 - 430 St. Augustine

⠀

• 400 Hindu-Arabic numerals (India)
• 410 The Visigoths, Alaric I, sack Rome (first in 800 years)

⠀

• 527 Justinian I emperor of the Byzantine Empire

⠀

• 600 chess (India)
• 622 Migration (Hijra) of Muhammad from Mecca to Medina
• 628 zero (India)
• 632 Muhammad dies, succeeded by Abu Bakr as first caliph

⠀

• 793-1066 Viking Age

⠀

• 800 charlemagne, first holy roman emperor
• 843 The Treaty of Verdun divides Carolingian Empire into three kingdoms (Louis the Pious)
• 868 Printing of Diamond Sutra, oldest dated printed book (China)

⠀

• 904 gunpowder (China)
• 962 Otto I first Holy Roman Emperor by Pope John XII

⠀

• 1024 paper money (China)
• 1041 printing press (China)
• 1088 compass (China)
• 1095 first crusade to liberate Jerusalem from Muslims (Pope Urban II)

⠀

• 1104 Crusaders Capture Acre
• 1122 Concordat of Worms resolves Controversy between papacy and Holy Roman Empire
• 1135 Maimonides’ "Mishneh Torah"
• 1150 Gothic Architecture Emerges
• 1187 Saladin Captures Jerusalem

⠀

• 1206 Genghis Khan Unites Mongols
• 1214 - 1294 Roger Bacon
• 1215 Magna Carta
• 1240 Mongols Defeat Kiev
• 1258 Mongols Capture Baghdad
• 1271 - 1295 Marco Polo’s Travels
• 1273 Thomas Aquinas "Summa Theologica"
• 1291 Fall of Acre, End of Crusades

⠀

• 1300 Dante Writes "The Divine Comedy"
• 1315 - 1317 Great Famine in Europe
• 1325 Founding of Tenochtitlan
• 1337 - 1453 Hundred Years’ War
• 1347 - 1351 - Black Death, -30% europe, Sicily from Asia
• 1355 University of Oxford Established
• 1368 Ming Dynasty Begins
• 1376 - 1395 Acamapichtli*
• 1380 John Wycliffe's Bible Translation
• 1396 - 1417 Huitzilihuitl*

⠀

• 1400 - 1468 Johannes Gutenberg
• 1401 beginning of Renaissance
• 1402 - 1472 Nezahualcoyotl.
• 1412 - 1431 Joan of Arc.
• 1413 perspective in art by Filippo Brunelleschi
• 1417 - 1427 Chimalpopoca*
• 1428–1440 Izocoatl*
• 1439 Platonic Academy manuscripts by Cosimo de' Medici
• 1440–1469 Motecuhzoma I*
• 1440 Gutenberg's press
• 1443 - 1543 Nicolaus Copernicus
• 1452 - 1519 Da Vinci.
• 1453 end of Middle ages
• 1453 Fall of Constantinople to Ottoman Turks
• 1460s - 1524 Vasco da Gama
• 1466 - 1520 Moctezuma II
• 1469–1481 Axayacatl*
• 1474 - 1521 Juan Ponce de León
• 1475 - 1564 Michelangelo
• 1481–1486 Tizoc*
• 1483 - 1520 Raphael
• 1483 - 1546 Martin Luther
• 1485 - 1547 Hernán Cortés

⠀

• 1509 - 1564 John Calvin
• 1517 Luther's 95 Theses
• 1543 Copernican Revolution
• 1547 - 1616 Cervantes.
• 1564 - 1642 Galileo.
• 1564 - 1616 Shakespeare.
• 1564 - 1642 Galileo Galilei
• 1571 - 1630 Johannes Kepler
• 1588 - 1679 Thomas Hobbes
• 1596 - 1650 René Descartes

⠀

• 1605 Don Quixote
• 1606 - 1669 Rembrandt
• 1610 Galileo Discovers Jupiter’s Moons
• 1623 - 1662 Blaise Pascal
• 1632 - 1704 John Locke
• 1632 - 1677 Baruch Spinoza
• 1638 - 1715 Louis XIV
• 1642 - 1727 Newton.
• 1643 - 1715 - Reign of Louis XIV
• 1646 - 1716 Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz
• 1651 - 1695 Sor Juana.
• 1653 - 1706 Johann Pachelbel
• 1678 - 1741 Antonio Vivaldi
• 1685 - 1750 Johann Sebastian Bach
• 1687 Newton’s "Principia Mathematica"
• 1688 English Enlightenment
• 1694 - 1778 Voltaire.

⠀

• 1706 - 1790 Benjamin Franklin
• 1711 - 1776 David Hume
• 1712 - 1778 Jean-Jacques Rousseau
• 1723 - 1790 Adam Smith
• 1724 - 1804 Immanuel Kant
• 1743 - 1826 Thomas Jefferson
• 1755 - 1793 Marie Antoinette.
• 1756 - 1791 Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
• 1756 - 1763 - Seven Years’ War
• 1769 Watt’s Steam Engine Patented
• 1769 - 1821 Napoleon.
• 1770 - 1827 Beethoven.
• 1770 - 1831 Hegel
• 1775 - 1817 Jane Austen
• 1776 American Independence
• 1776 Adam Smith "The Wealth of Nations"
• 1789- 1799 - French Revolution
• 1796 Edward Jenner’s Smallpox Vaccine

⠀

• 1804 - 1815 - Napoleonic Wars
• 1809 - 1865 Abraham Lincoln
• 1809 - 1882 Charles Darwin
• 1810 Independencia de mexico
• 1813 - 1855 Søren Kierkegaard
• 1815 - 1852 Ada Lovelace.
• 1828 - 1910 Leo Tolstoy
• 1837 Telegraph Invented
• 1839 - 1842 - First Opium War
• 1840 - 1926 Claude Monet.
• 1844 - 1900 Friedrich Nietzsche.
• 1847 - 1922 Alexander Graham Bell
• 1847 - 1931 Edison.
• 1854 - 1900 Oscar Wilde.
• 1856 - 1943 Nikola Tesla
• 1859 - 1938 Edmund Husserl.
• 1859 - 1941 Henri Bergson.
• 1859 Darwin’s "On the Origin of Specie"
• 1863 Emancipation Proclamation in U.S.
• 1863 - 1947 Henry Ford
• 1866 - 1944 Kandinsky.
• 1867 - 1934 Marie Curie.
• 1869 - 1954 Henri Matisse
• 1872 - 1944 Piet Mondrian.
• 1872 - 1970 Bertrand Russell
• 1874 - 1965 Winston Churchill
• 1876 Bell’s Telephone Patent
• 1879 - 1919 Emiliano Zapata.
• 1879 - 1955 Einstein.
• 1882 - 1945 Franklin D. Roosevelt
• 1882 Pasteurization Process Developed
• 1885 - 1962 Niels Bohr
• 1887 - 1961 Erwin Schrödinger
• 1888 - 1978 Le Corbusier
• 1889 - 1976 Martin Heidegger.
• 1889 - 1977 Chaplin.
• 1889 - 1951 Wittgenstein.
• 1895 X-rays Discovered
• 1890 - 1969 Dwight D. Eisenhower
• 1890 - 1970 Charles de Gaulle
• 1899 - 1961 Ernest Hemingway.
• 1899 - 1986 Jorge Luis Borges.
• 1899 - 1980 Hitchcock.

⠀

• 1901 - 1966 Walt Disney.
• 1901 - 1971 Louis Armstrong
• 1902 - 1994 Karl Popper.
• 1903 - 1950 George Orwell
• 1903 Wright Brothers’ First Flight
• 1904 - 1967 J. Robert Oppenheimer
• 1905 Einstein’s Theory of Relativity
• 1906 - 1978 Kurt Gödel
• 1906 - 1997 Victor Vasarely.
• 1907 - 1954 Frida Kahlo.
• 1910 Revolución Mexicana
• 1912 - 1954 Alan Turing.
• 1912 - 1956 Jackson Pollock
• 1913 - 1960 Albert Camus.
• 1914 - 1918 - World War I
• 1915 - 1982 Ingrid Bergman
• 1917 - 1963 John F. Kennedy
• 1917 - 1986 Juan Rulfo.
• 1918 - 1988 Richard Feynman
• 1918 - 1958 André Bazin
• 1918 - 2013 Nelson Mandela.
• 1922 Insulin Discovered
• 1925 - 1995 Gilles Deleuze.
• 1925 - 2008 Paul Newman
• 1926 - 1962 Marilyn Monroe
• 1926 - 1984 Michel Foucault.
• 1928 - 2007 Sol LeWitt.
• 1928 - 2019 Agnès Varda.
• 1928 - 1987 Andy Warhol
• 1929 - 1993 Audrey Hepburn
• 1929 - 1982 Grace Kelly
• 1929 - 2014 Roberto Gómez Bolaños.
• 1929 Wall Street Crash, Great Depression
• 1930 - 2012 Neil Armstrong.
• 1932 - 1984 Truffaut.
• 1932 - 1986 Andrei Tarkovsky.
• 1936 Turing's theory of universal classical computers
• 1939 - 1945 - World War II
• 1940 - 1980 John Lennon.
• 1940 - 2023 Pelé
• 1942 - 2018 Stephen Hawking
• 1945 United Nations Established
• 1945 - 1981 Bob Marley.
• 1947 Transistor Invented
• 1950 - 1953 Korean War
• 1951 - 2014 Robin Williams
• 1952 - 2020 Bernard Stiegler.
• 1955 - 2011 Steve Jobs.
• 1954 Polio Vaccine
• 1969 Humans on the Moon
• 1970s Miniaturization of electronic technology
• 1971 ARPANET, Early Internet
• 1971 Intel Microprocessor
• 1980 Smallpox Eradicated
• 1983 HIV Identified
• 1986 - 2013 Aaron Swartz.
• 1989 Fall of Berlin Wall
• 1989 World Wide Web
• 1991 End of Soviet Union
• 1991 End of Apartheid
• 1999 ego

⠀

• 2001 Human Genome Mapped
• 2007 iPhone
• 2008 Global Financial Crisis
• 2011 Arab Spring
• 2019 Notre-Dame Fire
• 2020 COVID-19
• 2021 Mars Rover Landing